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innate-immunity

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Innate immunity refers to the non-specific, first-line defense mechanisms that plants use to detect and respond to pathogens without prior exposure. Unlike vertebrates, plants rely entirely on this system — lacking adaptive immunity — making it their primary means of recognizing molecular signatures of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Understanding plant innate immunity is central to developing disease-resistant crops and uncovering the evolutionary origins of immune signaling across kingdoms.

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