Two Fusarium fungi that rot garlic and onion crops carry different sets of infection proteins depending on which host plant they came from, suggesting they are specializing into distinct strains — a finding that could reshape how growers breed disease-resistant Allium crops.
1
Fusarium oxysporum isolates from onion caused severe disease in all three Allium species tested, while isolates from garlic caused only mild symptoms in onion and shallot.
2
The most virulent garlic isolate (Fo_VPRI44630) carried five putative effector genes: SIX9, SIX13, C5, CRX1, and CRX2, while onion-origin isolates carried up to ten including SIX3, SIX5, SIX7, SIX10, SIX12, and SIX14.
3
Differences in virulence and effector profiles between garlic- and onion-origin F. oxysporum suggest host-associated differentiation, supporting the case for formally designating them as separate formae speciales or races.
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