Researchers mapped the fungal communities living in grapevine bark, wood, and soil—comparing healthy vines to those sick with Esca, a destructive trunk disease. They found that where a fungus lives (bark vs. wood vs. soil) and what year it is matter more than the season or grape variety in shaping which fungi are present.
1
Plant health status significantly affected only GTD (grapevine trunk disease) pathogens, which were more abundant and diverse in symptomatic vines compared to healthy ones.
2
Year (vintage) was the single strongest driver of fungal community shifts across all microhabitats—outweighing season, cultivar, and disease status.
3
Soil harbored the highest overall fungal diversity, while bark and wood were the primary zones for plant pathogens and wood-decay fungi associated with trunk disease.
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