Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, encompassing fundamental principles such as cell structure, genetics, evolution, and energy transformation. For plant science, this broad disciplinary foundation underpins research into how plants grow, reproduce, adapt to environments, and interact with other organisms. Understanding core biological principles is essential for advancing fields like plant genetics, ecology, and physiology.
This clinical trial protocol describes a study testing how different menstrual products (pads, tampons, menstrual cups) affect the vaginal microbiome of women across Cameroon, Peru, and Switzerland — with no connection to plant science.
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300 women (100 per country) will be enrolled in a crossover trial across Cameroon, Peru, and Switzerland
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Each participant uses pads, tampons, and menstrual cups for 2 menstrual cycles each, with vaginal swabs analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing
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Primary outcome is microbiome composition ratio; secondary outcomes include pH, toxic shock syndrome bacteria screening, and participant-reported symptoms
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