Tiny nanoparticles made from molybdenum — a trace mineral plants already need — were sprayed onto molokhia leaves and dramatically reduced the damage caused by high salt levels in the soil, helping the plants grow better and stay healthier.
1
MoO₃ nanoparticles averaging just 9.2 nm in size were successfully made using a plant extract (clover relative), making the process eco-friendly and chemical-free.
2
A 50 mg/L foliar spray significantly reversed the growth suppression, pigment loss, and oxidative damage caused by 250 mM NaCl — a very high salinity level.
3
The nanoparticles boosted antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulated stress-related genes, meaning they enhanced the plant's own built-in defense machinery rather than just masking symptoms.
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