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inflammation

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Inflammation refers to the biological defense response triggered in tissues by pathogens, physical damage, toxins, or stress, characterized by heat, swelling, redness, pain, and loss of function. While classically studied in animals, analogous defense responses in plants involve localized cell signaling, reactive oxygen species production, and tissue-level immune activation following wounding or infection. Understanding these parallel mechanisms helps researchers decode how plants mount systemic resistance and develop targeted strategies for improving crop resilience against pests and disease.

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