Planting native mangrove (Kandelia obovata) in Chinese coastal wetlands improves soil quality compared to leaving invasive cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in place, but the mangroves consume so much phosphorus that long-term restoration will need targeted phosphorus supplementation to stay healthy.
1
Mangrove (Kandelia obovata) soils had the highest total nitrogen and available phosphorus among all vegetation types, but also the highest nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio, indicating phosphorus limitation.
2
Principal-component analysis ranked mangrove soils as the highest quality, followed by invasive Spartina, mixed stands, and native Carex sedge — confirming afforestation improves soil condition.
3
Among four mangrove restoration sites in Zhejiang Province, Yanpu Bay and Ximen Island ranked highest in soil quality and are recommended as optimal restoration targets.
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