Researchers found that the plant hormone gibberellin controls a direct trade-off in arrowhead (water arrowhead): more of it means taller plants but smaller edible corms underground, while blocking it does the opposite. Growers can use this knowledge to tune plant height and boost the yield of the starchy corms people eat.
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GA3 (gibberellin) treatment significantly increased plant height and reduced underground corm size compared to controls.
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Paclobutrazol (a gibberellin inhibitor) had the opposite effect: shorter plants and larger corms.
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Cell-level analysis showed GA3 caused elongation of petiole epidermal and parenchyma cells, explaining the height increase; gene expression of four GA-related genes (StKS1, StKS2, StKS3, StGA3ox) changed significantly under both treatments.
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