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Geographic patterns and soil-to-bark microbial transmission shape microbiome assembly in tea trees.

PubMed · 2026-06-26

Soil acts as the primary microbial source for tea tree bark, seeding the bark with bacteria and fungi that then specialize for life on the tree. Geography and soil chemistry — especially nitrogen and organic matter — are the main forces shaping which microbes end up where.

1

Bulk soil supplied 100% of bark bacteria and 68% of bark fungi in the Pu'er region, confirming soil as the dominant microbial reservoir for tea tree bark.

2

Plant type (cultivar) explained 76% of variation in bark bacterial communities, while geographic location explained up to 79% of fungal variation in soil.

3

Total nitrogen and organic matter in soil were the strongest predictors of microbial community composition across both soil and bark niches.

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