Scientists analyzed DNA from 101 insect species to settle a long-running debate about how the first winged insects evolved, confirming that mayflies and dragonflies share a common ancestor and that wings evolved just once, around 380 million years ago.
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Analysis used 1,367 shared genes across genomes and transcriptomes from 101 insect species, including 16 newly sequenced mayfly genomes
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Genomic signal supports a monophyletic Palaeoptera (mayflies + dragonflies sharing one common ancestor) over the competing Chiastomyaria hypothesis
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Molecular dating places the origin of winged insects in the Early Devonian, with the mayfly-dragonfly lineage emerging in the Late Devonian
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