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Soil bacteria neutralize fertilizer waste that leaks fluoride into groundwater

PubMed · 2026-06-30

Phosphogypsum, a fertilizer-industry waste increasingly spread on fields as a soil conditioner, leaches fluoride into groundwater at up to three times the safe limit. A soil bacterium found in this study traps that fluoride by crystallizing it into stable minerals, outperforming all chemical treatments tested.

Phosphogypsum-amended soils leach fluoride at up to 3.0 mg/L, three times China's Class III groundwater quality limit

Nocardia sp. X10 achieved 65.7% fluoride immobilization in soil columns, surpassing chemical passivators at 57.2% and 61.8%

Adding calcium and phosphate as mineral precursors boosted bacterial fluoride capture from 8.6% to 77.1%

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