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Harnessing polyploidy for climate-resilient crops: Lessons from the evolutionary model, allotetraploid cotton.

PubMed · 2026-06-02

Scientists are studying how cotton naturally evolved to have double the usual number of chromosomes — and how that genetic flexibility might help us breed crops that can withstand the heat, drought, and unpredictability of climate change.

1

Allotetraploid cotton carries two complete genome sets from two ancestral species, providing a larger toolkit for adapting to environmental stress.

2

Whole genome duplication events in plants are associated with novel regulatory capacities that can enhance climate resilience.

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Cotton serves as an evolutionary model organism for understanding how polyploidy can be harnessed in crop improvement programs.

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