Europe PMC · 2026-03-27
Scientists have sequenced the complete genome of Madhuca hainanensis, a rare endangered tree from China, uncovering the genetic roots of its low fruit production and distinctive flowers. The findings provide a molecular roadmap for conservation efforts aimed at preventing this vulnerable species from extinction.
The genome of Madhuca hainanensis was assembled at chromosome level: 760.86 Mb organized across 12 pseudochromosomes using cutting-edge PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing.
Six key genes — including ADO1 and COL5 — were identified as drivers of floral divergence between the endangered Madhuca species and their faster-reproducing relative.
Both Madhuca hainanensis and Madhuca pasquieri are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and show notably lower fruit set compared to the common, fast-growing Madhuca longifolia.
