PubMed · 2026-04-16
This study examined why urban flooding keeps worsening in Iwo, Nigeria, finding that residents' awareness of flood risks and community behaviors are as important as physical infrastructure in determining flood vulnerability.
Flood risk awareness was most strongly linked to prior training on flood risk reduction (factor loading 0.919) and knowledge of household preventive measures (0.924).
Three resilience pathways were identified: engineering/structural interventions explained 31.3% of variance, institutional measures 26.2%, and ecological/environmental strategies 16.8% — together accounting for 74.3% of total variance.
Community perceptions clustered around five drivers of flooding, with poor drainage infrastructure scoring highest (0.876), followed by inadequate emergency response (0.851).