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cold-stress

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Cold stress refers to the physiological and molecular responses plants experience when exposed to low temperatures, ranging from chilling injury to freezing damage. Unlike animals, plants cannot escape harsh temperature conditions and must rely on biochemical adaptations—such as membrane remodeling, cryoprotectant accumulation, and altered gene expression—to survive. Understanding cold stress mechanisms is critical for developing crops that can withstand late frosts, early winters, and climate variability, helping to protect agricultural yields worldwide.

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