PubMed · 2026-05-09
Scientists have found that a family of plant proteins called calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) act as central alarm systems, detecting calcium signals triggered by pathogens and pests, then rapidly activating the plant's defenses.
CDPKs function as dual calcium sensors and signaling enzymes, allowing plants to rapidly translate a calcium alarm into targeted immune responses against diverse pathogens and pests.
Multiple CDPK family members act redundantly and cooperatively, meaning plants have built-in backup systems so that losing one defense protein does not leave them fully vulnerable.
CDPK-mediated signaling connects upstream calcium perception to downstream defense outputs including reactive oxygen species production, hormone signaling, and gene expression changes.